Increasing Student Achievement For Reading Through...

Lauren Davis Increasing Student Achievement in Reading through Implementation of the Daily 5 SPE 609 – Action Research Fall 2013 University of Alabama Increasing Student Achievement in Reading through Implementation of the Daily 5 School Description This action research project was completed at Benjamin Davis Magnet Elementary School in Decatur, Alabama. Benjamin Davis is a primary magnet school in the Decatur City School District that serves 255 children in kindergarten through grade two. Students must be invited to attend based on their scores from the Cog-AT (Cognitive Abilities Test) and the MRT (Metropolitan Readiness Test) taken in the Spring of their kindergarten year. The school uses a full time enrichment pull out teacher and Renzulli’s SEM (school wide enrichment model) to serve the unique needs of these highly able children. Concerns Managing a ninety minute reading block in my second grade class was a very challenging task. This was my sixth year teaching, but my third year teaching second graders. My class of 19 students consisted of a wide range of learners, reading anywhere from a first grade level to a sixth grade level. I had one identified gifted student, one student diagnosed with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), and many other children with their own unique needs. During my first year of teaching second graders, I realized that my management of the reading block would tremendously impact students’ growth and success as readersShow MoreRelatedAction Pl The Achievement Gap For Low Income Students Essay1675 Words   |  7 PagesU5A1: Action Plan Description Background The achievement gap that exists in my school is a socioeconomic one (J. Perkins, personal communication, October 24, 2016). Data for Woodville High School shows an achievement gap for low-income students (J. Perkins, personal communication, October 24, 2016). Additionally, this achievement gap is wider for low-income, first-generation students. ACT Aspire Reading data shows that only 25% of students at the poverty level met or exceeded the content standardsRead MoreThe Literacy Initiative Is Effective For Teaching Beginning Reading Skills1857 Words   |  8 Pagesthe most effective manner in which to provide reading instruction has been on-going since the Johnson Administration’s War on Poverty Report of the 1960s. The primary focus of that debate is whether a skills-based approach or a meaning – based approach was most effective for teaching beginning reading skills (phonemic and phonological awareness), comprehension, and enrichment. (Frey, et.al, 2005) The silks-bas ed or direct instruction approach to reading instruction focuses on explicit and systematicRead MoreGraduation Speech : Students With The Tutoring Center Have A Higher Gpa By. O29880 Words   |  4 PagesBrendan Rievert Professor Glady-Teschendorf ENG 112 8 Feb. 2016 Tutoring According to Eric Cooper â€Å"students that visit the tutoring center have a higher GPA by .o29.† This may not seem like much but it can be a difference of failing or passing a class. If public schools don t meet a certain standards the No Child Left Behind law will take affect making the school provide extra academic help (Tucker 1). Many people do not realize the power of tutoring and do not understand all the benefits thatRead MoreLeveraging Computer Technology for Literacy Instruction in the Classroom2385 Words   |  10 PagesComputer-Based Reading Programs for At-Risk Learners Children with disabilities face a variety of challenges when learning to read. Some students experience processing disorders, some have auditory or visual deficits, still others have gross or fine motor disabilities. Computer technology is adept at addressing all of these issues by the nature of its flexible and extensible application. As a relatively low-cost solution for providing specialized instruction, integrating computer technology isRead MoreThe Common Core Places On Standardized Testing1634 Words   |  7 Pageswho happen to be visual or auditory learners are missing the mark on these tests. As these scores remain so essential, several teachers â€Å"over prepare children for the tests through months of drill and practice† even taking away time from recess to prepare (Berliner 254). Sadly, as a result, numerous teachers treat their students as test scores, and show little interest in their personal lives. This happens to be even more alarming when you realize that c ountless children in poverty worry about moreRead MoreHow Free Independent Reading Can Successfully Impact Student Reading Achievement1587 Words   |  7 PagesAdd sleeping time into this mix, and the once popular leisure activity called reading ranks among most teenagers’ lowest priorities. In the high-tech, high-speed 21st century, reading proficiency is an essential tool to compete in today’s global marketplace. Yet numerous study results show a continual decline in students’ reading performance. The 2007 reading study by the National Endowment for the Arts noted that â€Å"reading has slipped to a mere eight minutes per day for 18-24-year-olds† (To Read orRead MoreOnline Gaming Techniques Applied On Everyday Goals3623 Words   |  15 Pagesway to get players to be loyal to their games and to increase profits, and for players it can be a true sense of achievement, and status within a game. For the business, education and government sectors , it can b e used as a way of increasing overall productivity by players (employees and students), increasing motivation and general satisfaction of employees, customers and students. 3. Where did the term come from The term gamification was first described in 2003 by Nick Pelling, a British programmerRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Involvement On Academic Achievement2966 Words   |  12 Pagesinvolvement often constraining the academic success and achievement of the child. The study may also serve as a model for others so they can actively engage parents in taking a participatory role throughout the educational progress of their children. The review of the literature, for this research proposal, found that minimal parent engagement in the educational process has adverse effects on academic achievement, especially for those students attending a high poverty, rural school. Though, limitedRead More Professional Learning Communities Essay2717 Words   |  11 Pagestypically occurs through trial and error in the isolated confinements of each teacher’s classroom with some periodic whole-group professional development (Goddard Goddard, 2007). Within the past few decades, many schools and districts, including ours, have considered and experimented with Professional Learning Communities (PLC) as an alternative framework in guiding a more efficient development program for their teachers. PLCs are focused on enhancing student learning through developing teacherRead MoreIt s A Digital World Essay2309 Words   |  10 Pagesreplace one s who don t. Using technology and computer science to facilitate learning as well as it s role within education is important to understand as technology plays a dominant role in daily life. The availability, affordability, and efficiency of technological devices and tools have benefitted both students and educators alike. A child’s mind is said to be small simply by habit. It is perhaps the sharpest tool that can retain anything provided to it. Shaping such a mind requires quality of

Research Design For Criminological Research - 931 Words

Critically assess the use of ‘triangulation’ in research design for criminological studies. There has been an emergence in the use of triangulation in criminological research, in a bid to combine two methods to ensure the validity of the research. As a result, the use of triangulation is recommended as good practice for any criminological research (Maruna 2009); as no single method can produce a comprehensive account of the study under research (Bryman 1988). In spite of its reported success, the practice of triangulation is not without its critics. Therefore, as a result of this ongoing debate regarding the level of its effectiveness, this essay will critically assess the use of triangulation in criminological research. Triangulation is readily interpreted as a method to integrate two or more approaches, theories, data sources, methods or investigators in one single study of a single social phenomenon (Thurmond 2001; Yeasmin and Rahman 2012). Such as the use of both quantitative and qualitative methods, within the same research question; in order to allow the researcher to refine the findings or research question (Oppermann 2000). It can also be applied more broadly to refer to the use of multiple observers, theoretical perspectives, sources of data, and methodologies (Denzin 1970). In social and criminological research, the term triangulation is used to refer to incidents whereby the researcher desires to verify their findings by showing that independent measures agreeShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Criminological Research On Theory Building767 Words   |  4 Pagesthe role of criminological research in theory building? By constructing theories or representations we can increase our understanding of criminal conduct. Through improving our understanding we can create effective, and operational strategies to handle crime issues. We must have a sufficient amount of accurate and documented research, and or experiments to prove the validity of our research. Research is attaining the information and data needed to generate a theory. We gather research by creatingRead MoreSexual Assault Among Male And Female Students Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagesrape cases are considered a violation of an individual right and the traumatizing effects are reported to be similar. The paper will focus mainly on the criminological approach to rape cases (Grooth Jean, 1979). Various criminologists’ literature will be reviewed in association to rape as an offense against the law. Criminological theories on rape As said earlier, rape cases in the modern society setup, is highly occurring in the colleges and other institutions of higher learningRead MoreThe Epistemology Of The Decision Making Process Of Burglars1629 Words   |  7 PagesThe aim of this essay is to attempt to identify the epistemology implicated in the research conducted by Emmeline Taylor about the decision making process of burglars. Essay begins with a concise definition of Criminology and a brief outline of ‘Rational Choice Theory’ which can be utilised to understand the decision making process of offenders and to provide a background for the notion of the rationality among burglars whilst acting criminal behaviour. Then it will continue with the explanationRead MoreDefinition Of Quantitative Research Methods944 Words   |  4 PagesQuantitative research methods are most generally worried with weighing criminological or criminal justice existence. In order for this method to be understood, there are num erous amounts of conditions which must be initially recognized. Concepts are hypothetical labels assigned on reality that are appointed binary characters, hence making them changeable. Variables are then investigated to inspect designs of affiliation, as well as a chain of reaction. At the most basic level, there exists at leastRead MoreDoes Research Design Affect Study Outcomes in Criminal Justice?1337 Words   |  5 PagesPart 1 Weisburd, D., Lum, C., Petrosino, A. (2001). Does Research Design Affect Study Outcomes in Criminal Justice? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 578 (1): 50-70. Within social science, as well as pure research, there seems to be a continual and ongoing debate about qualitative and quantitative research. Some take the view that, All research ultimately has a qualitative grounding, while others believe Theres no such thing as qualitative data. Everything isRead MoreA Discussion On Classical School And Positivist817 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyze two authors perspective on what is theory? What makes up a good theory? What criteria are used by scholars to evaluate theory and research? Also an outlining on reliability and validity, and identify different measurement used in criminal justice. Last a discussion about classical school and positivist will also be presented. A. In the book â€Å"Criminological Theories† written by Akers Sellers, describes theory as â€Å"An effective theory that helps to make sense of facts, we already know and canRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime Resistance And Susceptibility Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagesoperationalization methods used to construct variables from those items in prior research will precede the unveiling of research questions and hypotheses intended for the exploration of the theory. Lastly, survey items adapted from substantiated scales will be presented at the conclusion of this paper. Theoretical Overview Agnew’s theory of crime resistance and susceptibility (TCRS) (Agnew, 2016) serves as the theoretical framework for this research. From this perspective, certain individuals are more susceptibleRead MoreThe Research Theories Of Biosocial Criminology1177 Words   |  5 Pagesare numerous different criminological theories thought to identify and explain the behaviors of criminals. The factors that distinguish each theory are as unique as they are the same. Each individual theory takes on a different side of the same factors but the current criminological theories don’t carry much merit due to the lack of criminality predictability, crime explanation, and to the inconsistencies within the theories themselves. Unlike other areas of scientific research, criminology is continuallyRead MoreCriminal Activity And Its Control1851 Words   |  8 Pagesexplore the ways in which contemporary criminology such as realist and critical challenge popular representations, commonsensical images and explanations of crime and its control. Contemporary criminology uses scientific methodology, creating research data that looks at the larger issue of crime, being the social construct of ever altering societies and cultures. Contemporary criminology contains a wide range of theoretical approaches from which all take stands against the older theories likeRead MoreThe Role Of Criminology And The Criminal Justice System1565 Words   |  7 Pagescrime and it is punishable as stipulated in most state constitutions across the world. Through criminal justice systems, people’s conducts are judged according to guiding laws and principles and those found guilty are punished for their crimes. Criminological enterprise In the above context, criminology therefore refers to the scientific approach to studying criminal behavior. Apparently, every crime committed is usually motivated by different factors. For instance, some people end up committing offenses

Transcendental themes Essay Example For Students

Transcendental themes Essay The Dead Poets Society Is about a group of private school boys In the North East. They encounter a teacher, Mr.. Keating, whom is a little different than most teachers. He wanted to instill the motivation to look past what society was telling them to do rather than teach the normal curriculum. He used Thoreau ideas on transcendentalism by showing them to transcend or go beyond the rules that society poses and create their own independence. Mr.. Keating succeeded in his efforts by teaching them to think for themselves, Transcendental themes. Director Peter Weir illustrates that the movie Dead Poets Society echoes Transcendentalist notions in content in that self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and blind conformity to custom or tradition, intuition is superior to deliberate intellectualism and rationality and in structure through the idea that one can find truth and beauty in nature. One of the mall Ideas of Transcendentalism Is that ones own opinions should prevail over deliberate conformity. Emerson wrote concerning that notion saying, Whoso would be a man, must be a nonconformist. Emerson tightly relates ones being with nonconformity, therefore illustrating that one who does conform to societys wishes is less of a man, or yet a real man at all, saying, Imitation is suicide. He declares conformity Is the same as throwing ones own ideas, Identity, and soul away, which Is the equivalent to ending ones life. Henry David Thoreau has beliefs similar to Emerson on the topic of conformity, stating, If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. We will write a custom essay on Transcendental themes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away. To hear a different drummer insinuates to believe or act differently from the common consensus. Thoreau asserts that it is all right to think or act in this different manner, as abstract from the common as It may be. Dead Poets society relates the Idea of self-reliance through Its content. Mr.. Keating desperately wants the boys to hear something different from what other adults are telling them by telling the students, Dont be lemmings, find your own walk! and, Dont conform; make it for yourself. Mr.. Keating wants them to defy the familiar values and follow their hearts instead. All of his lessons have the common thematic idea of non-conformity, which are the singular most Important aspects of his coaching. On the first day of class Mr.. Keating persuades the young men to stand on their desks. l stand upon my desk to remind you that we must constantly look at things in a different way. Standing on the desk symbolizes individualism, while everyone who merely sits in his or her desk is Just conforming to the typical expectation. The circumstance surrounding Neal Perrys suicide. After Mr.. Perry saw his marvelous performance in A Midsummers Night Dream, he brings his son home and roughly tells him, Were trying very hard to understand why it is that you insist on defying s. Whatever the reason, were not going to let you ruin your life. Tomorrow Im withdrawing you from Walton and enrolling you in Braded Military School. Youre going to Harvard and youre going to be a doctor. This is not Meals dream or wish; he wants to be an actor. After this encounter, Neal commits suicide. Neal displays that he wants more out of life than what his family was pressuring him to do, but the fight with conformity was too great for him. In Meals situation imitation is literally suicide. While Neal is the free spirit who chooses to look deeper than expected, Mr.. Perry, whom Neal was fighting, is the epitome of conformity. Mr.. Perry neatly places his slippers in the same spot every night. His action asserts the unnecessary structure of conformity. He does this because it is the proper and correct way and he does not care to challenge it. Transcendentalists not only believe that it is necessary to look into ones heart to find a personal calling, but they also believe that individual insight is superior to proven thought. .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d , .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .postImageUrl , .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d , .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d:hover , .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d:visited , .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d:active { border:0!important; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d:active , .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9eca2461189c4cf6de5c93ea6f60e52d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: "Sonnet 18", "Shall I Compare Thee" EssayEmerson takes the ideology and puts it into striking poetry pronouncing, No law can be sacred to me but that of my nature. The students teacher, Mr.. Keating, believes that intuition is untouchable compared to intellectualism, and he tries to share his knowledge with his students. After Mr.. Keating asks Neal to read an essay by Mr.. J. Evans Pritchard that informs how to grade the greatness of poetry on an x, y axis, Mr.. Keating Jumps out of his chair and yells, Armies of academics going forward, measuring poetry. No, we will not have that here. No more of Mr.. J. Evans Pritchard. Now in my class you will learn to think for yourse lves again. You will learn to savor words and language. No matter what anybody tells you, words and ideas can change the world. Mr.. Keating completely disregards Pritchard idea and encourages the boys to not measure the poetry by a heartless graph, which is deliberate intellectualism, but to think for themselves. The ideas of elegance and knowledge of nature are apparent throughout the structure of the Dead Poets Society. Peaceful pictures of nature at its best were always revealed between various scenes of the movie. These tranquil shots of nature remind the viewer that nature is serene and wonderful, and it is there that true sides is found. The Dead Poets Society did not meet in a dorm room or lavish meeting hall, but in a dark, damp cave deep in the woods. The setting of their meetings emphasizes the topic of their conversation, transcendental poetry. The young men of the society are living out their beliefs by attempting to find inspiration there. During the dramatic minutes before Meals suicide the camera reveals very symbolic items. First, snow is pictured outside when Neal opens the window. Neal opens the window because he wants to be comforted by the white, glistening, snow- covered nature. Then, a close up of the crown of thorns that he wore in the slowly puts on his head confirms that he thinks that nature led him to the right answer in his dilemma. Throughout the movie the transcendental idea of beauty within nature is exuded through camera angles and the setting. Overall, Dead Poets Society exhibits three particular characteristics of the transcendental philosophy: the strong belief that the world should not conform to society, rational intellectualism is shoddier than instinct, and reality and loveliness are located in nature. Thoreau and Emerson would have loved this film!

Migrants Effects on Singapore Essay Example

Migrants Effects on Singapore Essay Singapore is one of the most economically prosperous country in the South East Asia region. There has been a influx of foreigners in the country in recent years. I think the foreigners bring about a positive impact in the economical area, however in other areas such as social and environmental area, foreigners may bring about a negative impact instead. Migrants bring about a positive impact in the economical aspect of Singapore. They provide for much cheap labour.Manual work and low status jobs are generally disliked by locals because of the social stigma attached and its low pay. For example, Chinese migrants are often employed in construction firms which are jobs despised by Singaporeans. When jobs such as these are taken up, jobs are more efficiently taken up and this will promote the economic growth of the country in the long run. Singapore will thus be likely to benefit from foreigners coming to Singapore economically.Migrants brought about a negative impact in the social aspect . Singapore, with its high percentage of foreigners in it population will inevitably face with social issues such as the erosion of the Singapore culture and racism. Over the years, many cases of racism, especially through online multimedia websites such as twitter has occurred. One example would be the recent case of a teenager tweeting on the train â€Å" the Indian beside me was extremely smelly† Such cases occur continuously in Singapore.The lack of any statistics on the internet regarding racism in Singapore further proves that the government was trying to cover it up. Whether this is true or not, it is doubtlessly agreeable that racism is a increasing issue in Singapore. Therefore, in the social aspect of Singapore, foreigners bring about an undesirable impact. Migrants also bring about a negative impact in the environmental aspect of Singapore. Singapore is a small country with an incredibly high population density, as such, public facilities are often sought after by both foreigners and locals.The influx of migrants means that locals and foreigners have to compete for space in the park or on the park and this results in overcrowding. Furthermore, foreigners may not be familiar with the environmental rules of Singapore, and may litter in public places as their home country may not be as stringent in the cleanliness aspect. Over time, this may affect the image of Singapore, a â€Å"clean and green† city. Thus, foreigners bring about a negative impact in the environmental aspect of Singapore as they compete for the use of public places and may also affect the cleanliness of Singapore.Overall, I believe that while migrants bring about a negative impact to Singapore. This is because migrants are only good to a certain extent and have to be more carefully moderated. Having a smaller amount of migrants in Singapore will definitely bring about an overall benefit to Singapore. However the large number of migrants in Singapore has also caused socia l and environmental problems in Singapore. I think the negatives out-weigh the positive. Thus, they bring about mainly negative impacts to the country.

Women in the Holocaust Essays

Women in the Holocaust Essays Women in the Holocaust Essay Women in the Holocaust Essay Judaism, Catholic), and Cultures (e. g. Gypsies, Slovakians) were unworthy of existence. The Nazi’s considered themselves a superior race and were guilty of genocide through horrendous acts of human extermination. In this paper I will discuss this heartbreaking period, and the dangerous and frightful times women faced. I will also discuss the constant humiliation and torture which went along with experiments. In addition, I will speak about jobs given to them in and outside the camps such as prostitution. My focus will be on things such as rape, sexual harassment, murder from gas chambers, treatment of people, and on issues women faced with their children in these camps. Finally, I will like to say that although women and men both shared frightening events, each gender encountered unique emotions and experiences. Prior to these concentration camps many women were forced to move into ghettos. For example, a ghetto such as Warsaw was guarded with Polish, German, and Jewish Police. It has been recorded that, â€Å"Conditions in the Warsaw Ghetto were so bad that between 1940 and 1942 an estimated 100,000 Jews died of starvation and disease in the Warsaw Ghetto† (Jewish Ghettos, 2004). We know that this is an understatement for not everyone could be recorded. Women within these ghettos were targets of rape and public humiliation by the Gestapo. It was said that, â€Å"members of the Gestapo would come to the ghetto- alone or with friends- for entertainment. The entertainment consisted of taking potshots at a child, raping a woman, cutting a beard off an old man, humiliating people in the street, and so on† ( Chapnik, 1998). Once women began being deported to concentration camps even more disastrous things they faced. First, the Nazi’s would shear women using rusty razor blades. They shaved their whole body and even their pelvic hair. This was done in order to degrade, humiliate, and annihilate a women’s sense of femininity and determination. Also, after entering a concentration camp, being sheared, and experiencing dumbfounding stress, some women ceased menstruating. Women who did menstruate had to deal with blood coming down their legs because they were not provided with the right hygiene articles. Unfortunately, many of these women faced constant shame, critiques, and assaults by the Nazi soldiers. Although, many of these women experienced these down-grading experiences they felt lucky if they got their menstruation for they knew they were still capable of bearing children. Many women in the concentration camps also faced life changing events such as rape. This injured their self-esteem and injured their physical being. In many of these concentration camps, brothels were set up for soldiers and selected prisoners. These brothels were made for organized rape and were places where women had no control over their bodies. Many women who were thought of as pretty and had strong bodies were inspected for appearance and tried out. Thus, these women were subjugated and raped. To go along with this many women who were raped and were found pregnant were forced to have abortions. Many of these abortions were done by forced sterilization. Forced sterilization was an experiment which many doctors tried on women. This Nazi sterilization law was passed on January 1, 1934. The Nazi’s used two types of sterilization techniques. The first technique consisted of secretly adding toxic chemicals in woman’s food. These chemicals cause much pain and anguish to women. It also caused them to have certain health problems such as hemorrhaging, itching, and cavity problems. The second type of sterilization involved x-rays to burn and destroy woman’s ovaries. Both of these types of sterilization destroyed her feelings and made her feel horrible. Many women in these concentration camps also dealt with other types experiments besides sterilization. Another experiment some women were forced to do was the warming of the body heat practice. This experiment was thought of by Heinrich Himmler who recommended it to Dr. Rascher that he try to use women to warm the frozen men. He suggested that the victim and a woman copulate. This experiment occurred with some success; however it was not as successful as the Warm Bath. The Warm bath was when the victim was placed in warm water and the temperature was slowly increased. This method proved to be the best. Many victims died do to shock if they were warmed up to quickly. Another experiment some women faced with was artificial insemination. This experiment happened to About 300 women at Auschwitz. The artificial insemination was done by Dr. Clauberg. He reportedly taunted victims strapped down before him by informing them that he had just inseminated them with animal sperm and that monsters were now growing in their wombs. As if the experiments mentioned weren’t enough some women had to have experiments done on them which consisted of taking parts of their body and so on. One experiment in particular was made to benefit soldiers who suffered from gas gangrene. The studies tested the effectiveness of sulfanilamide and other drugs in curbing such infections some women were infected with gas gangrene or bacterial inflammations, while others were forced to receive bone transplants and bone amputations. Unfortunately, many of these had to deal with having such experiments done on them because if they refused to be experimented on they had to deal with threats of being beaten or had to fear with possibilities of being sent to death. One way many people from the concentration camps died from was the Gas chambers. These chambers were used by Nazis on all types of prisoners. The Camp Ravensbruck which was the largest concentration camp for women in all of German Reich had over 100,000 women from 20 countries imprisoned, and where 5-6,000 perished as a result of gas chambers. Many people described the gas chambers similar to showers. Sadly, many victims were told that they were going through a process of disinfection and they believed perhaps they were going to get some clean water to take a bath but the truth was that their lives were going to be taken away from them without approval. Many women in the concentration camps in order to survive had to not only allow themselves for experimentation but had to be physically be in shape and fit the age range in order to be considered strong and age appropriate to work. Women that worked were forced into hard labor, either at SS Textile factories or more physical work. All had to deal with terrible living conditions, made to stand outside for hours in freezing conditions during roll-call and were frequently beaten for the slightest violation of camp rules. Those that weren’t were normally shot. Then years later they were then sent to a nearby sanatorium which already had a gas chamber built for the  T4. In addition other women worked outside doing things such as farm work and many of the women who worked had long days that stretched up to 15 hours. Many Women in the camps also prostituted in order to survive. Many women in the camps prostituted themselves while asking for favors in return. For example, in exchange for sexual favors women would plea for food or to live another day. Many women also prostituted themselves with hopes that their children be taken care of with food and for their lives not to be taken away from them. Many women also prostituted themselves with false promises of liberation after a few months. Women in order to survive and keep their jobs had to try and keep themselves healthy. Sadly, many women in the concentration camps got diseases particularly typhus. They pretended that they were still healthy enough to work. They knew that being sick would lead them to being killed by the Nazi soldiers. To these women survival was the most important. Too many even escape meant death, for if any one escaped, all the other prisoners in that bunk or group were immediately shot. The only resistance possible for most people was the effort simply to stay alive. To help them survive, the prisoners looked for ways of remaining human, of not descending to the level of â€Å"animals†. They began to live an inner life, a life that the guards and the camp could not reach to destroy. For many women and men it was a life of religion. To many it had been their strength on the outside, before the camps; and now it became their strength in the camps. Also, many people to survive got a chance to do some of the work they had done before. For example, if they were doctors, they could help the sick as best they were able. If they were scientists they watched and memorized what they saw. If they were historians and writers they kept notes in their minds. One example of this although not a woman was Viktor Frankl, a psychiatrist, who wrote on his efforts to help his other prisoners: â€Å"The thought of suicide was entertained by nearly everyone, if only for a brief time. It was born of the hopelessness of the situation, the constant danger of death looming over us daily and hourly, and the closeness of the deaths suffered by many of the others. I spoke of the many opportunities of giving life a meaning. I told my comrades that human life, under any circumstances, never ceases to have a meaning   They must not lose hope but should keep up their courage in the certainty that the hopelessness of our struggle did not detract from its dignity and meaning. I said that someone looks down on each of us in difficult hours a friend, a wife, somebody alive or dead, or a God and he would not expect us to disappoint him. He would hope to find us suffering proudly † (Rittner, 1993). Many women in the camp of Ravensbruck also were to secretly hide anything that dealt with learning or writing. The soldiers did not want the women teaching each other things that may be of any use to them. Although it was a danger many women still took the chance and they secretly taught each other languages such as German and English. Some women hid little pieces of paper whether it was toilet paper and would write things such as poems, and birthday cards to give to one another. Tiny handbooks and dictionaries small enough to be hidden were secretly copied and passed to each other. For example, â€Å"One Polish inmate, Eugenia Kocwa, wrote her own English textbook on 80 sheets of stolen toilet paper. It was copied by dozens of other women† ( Aktion R. Camp, 2004). To many of these women it was important to get distracted and try and keep their spirits up. For this reason many women took learning important. Many women also took recipes of food and copied it and gave it to one another. They spoke to each other about different foods they made and they told each other family traditions. Some women went as far as giving up some of the little food they got in order to â€Å"buy† paper or pencil to write such things as recipe books. Food dominated the conscience of the women and for these reasons writing recipes was a way of them to alleviate their hunger. As one can see many women during the holocaust dealt with tragic events and their lives were marked for ever if they happen to survive. They had horrific things happen to them from rape, murder, humiliation, and so on. Many died from starvation, disease, or suffering. Many suffered knowing it was a possibility that they would never see their families again. These people lived a life of misery in these camps. They were used as guinea pigs for ridiculous experimentations. They felt hopeless not being able to protect their children as they wanted to. Some gave up their dignity and sold their body for false promises. All this suffering was due to the idea that not all people were equal and that it was important to go forth with hatred, discrimination, and violation. This Holocaust is something that should teach people throughout the world that decimation is not something people should teach others for the only thing it does is destroy people and nations. Aktion Reinhard Camps. (2004, March). Retrieved December 2, 2010, from eathcamps. org/occupation/ghettos. html Bauer, Yeduda. 2001. A History of the Holocaust. New York: Franklin Watts/Scholastic Chapnik, L. (1998). The Grodno ghetto and it’s underground: A personal narrative. In Ofer, D. and Weitzman, L. (Eds. ) (pp. 109-119). Women in the holocaust. New Haven; Yale University Press Merriam Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 2010. m-w. com Rittner, C. , Roth, J. (1993). Different Voices: Women of the Holocaust. Paragon House: New York. Ofer, D. , Weitzman, L. (Eds) (1998). Women of the Holocaust. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press

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